Discrete Event Simulation Output Reports

What the simulation found —
and exactly how to fix it.

Two facilities. Two engagements. Real operational data modeled, analyzed, and translated into a prioritized improvement roadmap by a Certified Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt. The findings are clear. The path forward is defined.

19.7%
ED LWBS Rate
(benchmark <2%)
151.8 min
Door-to-Doctor
(target <60 min)
93.97%
ER Bed Utilization
(critical >85%)
27.6%
ED Process
Efficiency
44.1%
ENT Process
Efficiency
20.7%
ENT Exam Room
Utilization
📊
Emergency Department — Simulation Output
798 total encounters · 641 processed · 157 LWBS · 5,373 scheduled minutes modeled · 27.6% weighted process efficiency
Entity & Throughput Data — Sheet 1

Performance Summary

157
Patients Left Without Being Seen (LWBS)
19.7% of arrivals · national benchmark <2%
247.9 min
Average Total Length of Stay
4.13 hrs avg · Full ER patients
151.2 min
Fast Track Average LOS
289 Fast Track patients processed
27.6%
Overall Process Efficiency
72.4% of time is non-value-added
93.97%
ER Bed Utilization (20 beds)
Only 6.03% idle · primary bottleneck
85.57%
Tech (Registration) Utilization
1 Tech driving 41.6-min avg queue
67.27%
Nurse Utilization (9 nurses)
Elevated — discharge planning opportunity
38.56%
MD Utilization (7 physicians)
Idle 47% — upstream constraint, not MD shortage
Patient Journey Bottleneck Map

Average queue wait per stage. Red = critical bottleneck. Amber = elevated. Green = acceptable.

Pre-Register
Q: 1.9 min
Triage
Q: 2.3 min
⚠ Waiting Room
Avg: 92.9 min
⚠ Data Entry Q
Q: 41.6 min
MD Assessment
Q: 0.5 min
CT Scan
84.5 min avg
ER Treatment
91.8% util
Discharge
Q: 0.7 min

Resource Utilization — All ED Resources

% of scheduled time actively in use. Red line = 85% critical threshold. ER Beds and Tech are the two resources exceeding safe operating limits.

Where Patient Time Goes — VA vs. NVA (minutes)

Value-Added (teal) vs. Non-Value-Added (red) time per major care stage. The Waiting Room alone consumes 89,688 total patient-minutes — the single largest time sink.
Resource Utilization Detail — Sheet 5 & 6

Utilization Bars with Status

ER Beds (20 units)93.97% ⚠ CRITICAL
Tech / Registration (1 unit)85.57% ⚠ HIGH
Nurse (9 nurses)67.27% ELEVATED
Fast Track Beds (6 beds)57.50% — UNDERUSED
PA (4 PAs)49.06%
MD (7 physicians)38.56% — IDLE 47%
Surgeon (1)36.81%
Reception (1)29.84%
Trauma Unit (2 bays)25.05% — ADEQUATE

Key Simulation Findings

CRITICAL BOTTLENECK — ER BEDS

93.97% Bed Utilization — System at Breaking Point

With only 6.03% idle time, any volume surge causes immediate cascade failure. Average time in bed: 157 min. This is the root cause of the 92.9-min waiting room average and the 157 LWBS patients.

CRITICAL — PATIENT SAFETY & REVENUE

19.7% LWBS Rate (157 of 798 Patients)

1-in-5 patients leaves before care. National benchmark is under 2%. At ~$800/visit this equals ~$125K in lost revenue per simulation period — and represents a direct Joint Commission safety indicator.

HIGH PRIORITY — REGISTRATION

Single Tech at 85.57% Creates 41.6-Min Queue for Every Patient

The Enter Patient Info queue is occupied 91.51% of the time. This single-point-of-failure delays every downstream activity. A second Tech (~$55K/yr) eliminates this bottleneck entirely.

DIAGNOSTIC INSIGHT

MDs Idle 47% of the Time — Yet Door-to-Doctor is 151.8 Minutes

This paradox confirms the bottleneck is upstream (beds, registration), not provider supply. Adding MDs will not improve performance. Fixing beds and registration will.

LWBS Analysis — Patients Lost vs. Processed

157 patients left untreated. This is a process failure, not a capacity failure — Fast Track beds run at only 57.5% utilization while the waiting room overflows.

Queue Saturation by Activity

% of time each activity queue has patients waiting in it. Anything above 30% indicates a systemic bottleneck. The Data Entry queue is occupied 91.5% of scheduled time.
Impact Analysis — Sheet 8 · Full Activity Breakdown
ActivityEntriesTypeTotal VA MinTotal NVA Min% of Total TimeNVA %
Waiting Room965NVA089,68837.4%100%
Enter Patient Info (+ Queue)628Mixed4,59826,18012.8%85%
Combine for MD (results wait)652VA19,58108.2%0%
ER Treatment648VA12,1377315.4%6%
Initial Assessment625VA9,3266544.2%7%
Lab Work308VA9,13203.8%0%
CT Scan75VA6,336162.6%0%
MD Assessment648VA6,5703242.9%5%
Triage (incl. queue)1,072VA5,0302,4133.1%32%
Develop Discharge Plan581VA3,5277921.8%18%
⏱️
ENT Outpatient Clinic — Simulation Output
61 total patient encounters · 6 provider types · 4 no-shows · 44.1% weighted process efficiency
Entity & Throughput Data — Sheet 1

Performance by Patient Type

77.7%
Audio1 Pathway Efficiency
Best in clinic — 69 min avg visit
51.2%
MD1 Pathway Efficiency
105 min avg · 21 patients
52.5%
Mid-Level Efficiency
125 min avg · 7 patients
24.6%
MD2 Pathway Efficiency — WORST
182 min avg · 75% of time is waste
20.7%
Exam Room Utilization
Idle 79.3% — rooms are NOT the constraint
51.9 min
Ancillary Scheduling Queue
100% NVA — waiting to schedule follow-up
15.6 min
MD2 Queue Wait
3× longer than MD1 (5.7 min) — load imbalance
1.25%
Speech Pathologist Utilization
Idle 98.75% of scheduled time

Visit Duration by Patient Type — VA vs. NVA

Total visit time split into value-add care time (teal) vs. non-value-added waiting/admin time (amber). MD2 patients spend 137 of 182 total minutes in NVA activities.

Staff & Resource Utilization — ENT Clinic

All clinic resources are significantly underutilized. This confirms scheduling density — not physical capacity — is the constraint. Rooms can support 3–4× current volume.

Time Distribution Across All Clinic Activities

Where total patient-minutes are spent across the clinic session. Scheduling Ancillary Appointments (red) is the single largest block despite being 100% waste.

ENT Key Findings

CRITICAL — MD2 PATHWAY

182-Minute Visit, Only 24.6% Efficient

MD2 patients wait 15.6 min to be seen — 3× longer than MD1 (5.7 min). 75% of their 3-hour visit is non-value-added time. Redistributing 3–4 patients per session to MD1 or Mid-Level is projected to cut this pathway to under 110 minutes.

HIGH PRIORITY — WORKFLOW WASTE

51.9-Min Scheduling Queue — 100% Eliminable

18 patients per session wait nearly an hour just to schedule follow-up appointments. This is the largest single NVA time block and can be eliminated entirely through patient portal self-scheduling or pre-populated orders during the visit.

REVENUE OPPORTUNITY — CFO

Exam Rooms at 20.7% — 3× Volume Available

Physical space is not the constraint. Rooms are idle 79.3% of scheduled time. A phased scheduling density increase of 60–80% captures significant new revenue with zero capital investment required.

RESOURCE WASTE

Speech Pathologist at 1.25% — 2 Encounters Total

This resource is idle 98.75% of scheduled time. Immediate redeployment to a shared-resource model or telehealth conversion is recommended to align cost with actual demand.

Impact Analysis — Sheet 8 · Full ENT Activity Breakdown
ActivityEntriesAvg Min / EntryTotal VA MinTotal NVA Min% of Total
Schedule Ancillary Appts (+ 51.9-min queue)1821.9 + 51.9 Q39493521.4%
Get Test Results1951.0970015.6%
Hearing Test (Walk-in)1740.36857512.3%
Checkin (+ 7.7-min queue)575.2 + 7.7 Q29343911.8%
Preliminary Exam538.746007.4%
See MD1 (+ 5.7-min queue)258.7 + 5.7 Q2181435.8%
See MD2 (+ 15.6-min queue)1014.1 + 15.6 Q1411564.8%
Hearing Test (Scheduled)461.024403.9%
See Resident 11312.215902.6%
See Mid-Level (+ 8.9-min queue)1411.4 + 8.9 Q1601254.6%
Speech Pathologist215.03000.5%
Simulation-Derived Improvement Plan

What needs to happen — and in what order.

Every recommendation below is directly derived from the simulation output. Priority is ranked by projected impact and ease of implementation. Audience tags show which leader owns execution.

Emergency Department — Priority Actions

ED Fix Plan

ED-FIX 01 · IMMEDIATE · ⚙️ COO

Add a 2nd Registration Tech — Eliminate the 41.6-Min Data Entry Bottleneck

The data entry queue runs at 91.51% occupancy — occupied nearly the entire day. A single Tech at 85.57% utilization is the first-order constraint for every patient. Adding a second Tech (~$55K/year) cuts this queue from 41.6 minutes to under 5 minutes and is the fastest, cheapest intervention available.

Evidence: Enter_Patient_Info_inQ occupied 91.51% of 5,373 scheduled minutes · Max queue: 11 patients simultaneously
Immediate−30 to 40 min LOS~$55K investment
ED-FIX 02 · IMMEDIATE · ⚙️ COO + 🩺 Med Director

Redirect Low-Acuity Patients to Fast Track — Beds at Only 57.5%

Fast Track beds are running at 57.5% utilization while ER beds are at 93.97%. The simulation shows clear acuity routing opportunities. Shifting 15–20% of full-ER patients to Fast Track is projected to reduce ER bed utilization to ~78% and cut the LWBS rate by 40–60%.

Evidence: Fast_Track_Bed util: 57.5% vs ER_Bed util: 93.97% · 289 Fast Track patients vs 352 full-ER · acuity avg 2.61 (range 1–4)
Immediate−40% LWBS projectedNo capital required
ED-FIX 03 · SHORT-TERM · 🩺 Medical Director

Start Discharge Planning at MD Decision — Not After Orders Are Written

Average bed time is 157 minutes per patient. Discharge Order and Discharge Patient steps each take only 1 minute — indicating the delay is in planning and plan review, not execution. Beginning the discharge plan at MD decision point (concurrent with orders) reduces bed occupancy by 20–30 min per patient.

Evidence: Develop_Discharge_Plan avg 6.07 min · Review_Plan_inQ avg 1.94 min · MD_to_Discharge avg 63 min (range 39–165 min)
Short-Term−25 min bed timeProtocol change only
ED-FIX 04 · SHORT-TERM · 🩺 Med Director + ⚙️ COO

Realign 2 MDs to Discharge-Focused Role — Break the Upstream Logjam

With MDs idle 47% of scheduled time yet door-to-doctor averaging 151.8 minutes, adding more providers will achieve nothing. The constraint is beds and registration. Two MDs shifted to a dedicated discharge/disposition role focus on freeing beds faster, breaking the upstream backup that creates LWBS.

Evidence: MD util 38.56% (idle 47.09%) · MD_Assessment_inQ avg 0.5 min · v_Door_to_Doc avg 151.76 min
Short-Term−30 min door-to-docSchedule restructure
ED-FIX 05 · MEDIUM-TERM · 💼 CFO + ⚙️ COO

Evaluate Bed Expansion to 24 ER Beds — Only After Process Fixes Are Implemented

The simulation strongly suggests bed expansion should be deferred until process interventions (Fixes 01–04) are implemented and measured. If bed utilization remains above 85% after those changes, a 4-bed expansion to 24 total is modeled to reduce utilization to ~78%. Do not approve capital before running this scenario in simulation.

Evidence: ER_Bed util 93.97% with 20 beds · v_Numb_ER_Beds ranged 5–20 in simulation · Trauma_Unit only 25.05% utilized
Medium-TermSimulate before capital−15% residual LWBS
ED-FIX 06 · ONGOING · ⚙️ COO

Deploy Real-Time Waiting Room Alert at 25 Patients

The simulation shows the waiting room averages 16.7 patients (max: 59). LWBS incidence rises sharply above 25. A real-time operational dashboard with a threshold alert at 25 patients in the waiting room enables surge protocols before the crisis point — preventing the worst LWBS episodes without structural changes.

Evidence: v_Total_In_Waiting_Room avg 23.53, max 60 · Waiting_Room avg 92.94 min · 2,144 variable changes recorded
OngoingTechnology investment
ENT Outpatient Clinic — Priority Actions

ENT Clinic Fix Plan

ENT-FIX 01 · IMMEDIATE · 🩺 Med Director + ⚙️ COO

Rebalance Provider Load — Move MD2 Patients to MD1 & Mid-Level

MD2's queue wait (15.6 min) is 3× MD1's (5.7 min) and their patient visit efficiency is only 24.6% vs. 51.2% for MD1. Redistributing 3–4 MD2 patients per session to MD1 or Mid-Level is projected to reduce the MD2 pathway from 182 minutes to under 110 minutes and bring overall clinic efficiency above 60%.

Evidence: See_MD2_inQ 15.61 min vs See_MD1_inQ 5.70 min · MD2 NVA: 137.33 min of 182.20 total · MD1 util 22.69% vs MD2 27.50%
Immediate−70 min MD2 LOSSchedule change only
ENT-FIX 02 · IMMEDIATE · ⚙️ COO + 💼 CFO

Eliminate Ancillary Scheduling Queue with Patient Portal Self-Scheduling

18 patients per session wait an average of 51.9 minutes in queue just to schedule follow-up appointments — this is the single largest NVA activity in the clinic at 21.4% of total time. Implementing patient portal self-scheduling or pre-populating follow-up orders during the visit eliminates this queue at minimal cost. Payback is projected in under 90 days.

Evidence: Schedule_ancillary_appts_inQ avg 51.92 min · 934.5 total NVA min · queue occupied 16.8% of time with max 4 waiting
Immediate−52 min per patientPortal / tech $30–60K
ENT-FIX 03 · SHORT-TERM · 💼 CFO + ⚙️ COO

Increase Scheduling Density by 60–80% — Rooms Support Far More Volume

Exam rooms are idle 79.3% of scheduled time at only 20.7% utilization. The simulation confirms physical space is not the bottleneck — scheduling is. A phased density increase of 60–80% over 6 months can be absorbed without adding rooms, staff, or capital. This is the highest-revenue opportunity in the ENT engagement.

Evidence: Exam_Room util 20.73% · v_pts_in_exam_rooms avg 4.17 (max 7) · v_pts_in_clinc avg 10.68 (max 16)
Short-Term+60% volume capacityNo capital required
ENT-FIX 04 · SHORT-TERM · 🩺 Medical Director

Automate Test Results Delivery — Cut the 51-Min Results Step to Under 15 Min

Get_Test_Results averages 51 minutes per encounter and accounts for 15.6% of all clinic time. Root cause is manual transcription or retrieval during the visit. Routing results automatically to the provider workstation before the results review visit reduces this step by 36 minutes per patient without any clinical change.

Evidence: Get_Test_Results avg 51.03 min · 19 entries · 969.56 total VA min · Get_Test_Results_inQ shows 0 queue (wait is within the step)
Short-Term−36 min per patientEMR workflow change
ENT-FIX 05 · MEDIUM-TERM · 💼 CFO

Convert Speech Pathologist to Shared or Telehealth Model

At 1.25% utilization across only 2 encounters in the simulation period, the Speech Pathologist represents a fully-loaded cost for minimal demand. A shared-resource model across 2–3 clinic lines or a telehealth conversion aligns cost to actual demand and recovers an estimated $110K annually in labor efficiency.

Evidence: Speech_Pathologist util 1.25% · Speech_Test 2 entries · 30 total VA minutes only · 98.75% idle
Medium-Term$110K annual recovery
ENT-FIX 06 · ONGOING · ⚙️ COO + 🩺 Med Director

Predictive No-Show Management — Recover 1–2 Appointment Slots Per Day

4 of 61 patients (6.6%) were no-shows. Combined with the low provider utilization rates (MD1: 22.7%, MD2: 27.5%), predictive overbooking based on historical no-show patterns can recover 1–2 slots per provider per day without over-booking risk. Analytics-driven scheduling tools can implement this in 90 days.

Evidence: No_Show: 4 patients · all provider utilization rates below 30% · v_pts_in_clinc avg only 10.68 of potential 20+
Ongoing+1–2 patients/dayAnalytics tool
📈
Before & After — Projected Results
Conservative projections based on simulation sensitivity analysis. Assumes fixes 01–04 implemented within 90 days.

ED: Current State vs. Post-Fix Projection

Conservative estimates. LWBS target based on literature benchmarks for ED redesign with simulation guidance.

ENT: Visit Time Before & After by Patient Type

Projected total visit time reductions after provider rebalancing, scheduling queue elimination, and template redesign.

ED — Metric Before & After

Current State
LWBS Rate19.7%
Door-to-Doctor151.8 min
Waiting Room Time92.9 min
Total LOS247.9 min
ER Bed Utilization93.97%
Process Efficiency27.6%
Post-Fix Target
LWBS Rate~3–4%
Door-to-Doctor~90 min
Waiting Room Time~40 min
Total LOS~180 min
ER Bed Utilization~78%
Process Efficiency~50%

ENT — Metric Before & After

Current State
Overall Efficiency44.1%
MD2 Visit Time182.2 min
MD1 Visit Time105.4 min
Scheduling Queue51.9 min
Room Utilization20.7%
No-Show Rate6.6%
Post-Fix Target
Overall Efficiency~62%
MD2 Visit Time~110 min
MD1 Visit Time~80 min
Scheduling Queue~0 min
Room Utilization~60%
No-Show Rate~3%
Implementation Timeline
FixFacilityActionTimelineEffortProjected ImpactAnnual Value
ED-01EDAdd 2nd Registration TechImmediate (2–4 wks)Low−30–40 min LOS per patient$380K
ED-02EDRedirect low-acuity to Fast TrackImmediate (2–4 wks)Low−40% LWBS rate$1.02M
ENT-01ENTRebalance MD2 patient loadImmediate (1–2 wks)Low−70 min MD2 visit time$195K
ENT-02ENTEliminate ancillary scheduling queueShort-term (4–8 wks)Medium−52 min per affected patient$80K
ED-03EDConcurrent discharge protocolShort-term (4–8 wks)Medium−25 min bed time per patient$680K
ED-04EDRealign 2 MDs to discharge roleShort-term (4–8 wks)Medium−30 min door-to-doctor$240K
ENT-03ENTIncrease scheduling density +60%Short-term (6–10 wks)Medium+60% patient volume capacity$820K
ENT-04ENTAutomate test results deliveryShort-term (6–10 wks)Medium−36 min results step$110K
ED-05EDEvaluate bed expansion (post-fixes)Medium-term (3–6 mo)High−residual LWBS / surge capacity$2.8M avoided
ENT-05ENTSpeech Path shared/telehealth modelMedium-term (2–3 mo)LowLabor cost realignment$110K
Total Projected Year-1 Value$6.43M
Next Steps

Ready to run this model on your facility?

All simulations are personally conducted by a Certified Lean Six Sigma Master Black Belt. A 45-minute executive briefing will map the specific opportunity in your environment and provide a preliminary ROI estimate based on your actual volume and staffing data — at no cost.

Request Executive Briefing +1 (555) 555-0100

Typical engagement: 6–10 weeks from data collection to board-ready recommendations · $120K–$220K depending on scope